一、誤認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞whose只用于修飾人

whose用作疑問代詞時(shí)，主要用于指人;但用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，它既可指人也可指物。如：

It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座島，名字我忘了。

The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 這家工廠工人都是婦女，在假期中工廠關(guān)門了。

二、混淆定語從句與并列句

請(qǐng)看下面兩題：

1. He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

2. He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

第1題選A，第2題選C。由于第1題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個(gè)句子為并列句，and后應(yīng)是一個(gè)*的簡(jiǎn)單句，所以選A不選C;第2題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。另外，請(qǐng)比較下面一題：

He has two children, both of _____ being abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

此題答案為A，其中的both of them being abroad為*主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。

請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆唤M類似的例子：

1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

第1應(yīng)選B，而不能選C，是因?yàn)榫渲械?translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動(dòng)詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語;第2應(yīng)選C，因?yàn)榫渲杏兄^語 were translated。比較下面一例：

He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

此題與上面的第2題不同，兩句間多了一個(gè)并列連詞and，說明這是一個(gè)并列句，故應(yīng)選B，則不能選C。

三、混淆關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

有的同學(xué)一看到先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，就認(rèn)為一定要用關(guān)系副詞，其實(shí)也不一定。在此情況下，還要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是用作什么成分，若是用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞，若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關(guān)系副詞，而用關(guān)系代詞。比較：

This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動(dòng)詞where在從句中用作狀語)

This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想?yún)⒂^的工廠。(visit為及物動(dòng)詞，that用作visit的賓語)

The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因?yàn)樗×恕?come為不及物動(dòng)詞，why在定語從句中用作狀語)

The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動(dòng)詞，that在定語從句中用作其賓語)

比較下面的考題：

1. This is the room _____ I lived ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. who D. what

2. This is the room _____ I lived in ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. who D. what

3. This is the room _____ I bought ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. who D. what

4. This is the room _____ I visited ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. who D. what

5. This is the room _____ I was born ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. who D. what

第1題選B，因?yàn)?live 是不及物動(dòng)詞，它無需接賓語;第2題選A，因?yàn)殡m然 live 不及物，但live in 卻是及物，它應(yīng)有自己的賓語;第3、4題也應(yīng)選A，因?yàn)?buy 和 visit均為及物動(dòng)詞，它們應(yīng)有自己的賓語;第5應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)?be born 無需有自己的賓語。

四、誤認(rèn)為逗號(hào)后一定是非限制性定語從句

有的同學(xué)一看見逗號(hào)，就以為一定要選which而不選that，但問題是有時(shí)根本就不是定語從句。如：

1. If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

2. When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

以上兩題均應(yīng)選that，而不能選which，因?yàn)樗鼈兏静皇嵌ㄕZ從句。之所以選that，是因?yàn)榫渲幸延衖f和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，逗號(hào)后為主句，that為主句主語。

五、混淆定語從句與狀語從句

有些試題，從表面看它是定語從句，而實(shí)際上它是狀語從句;而有些試題則可能完全相反，即從表面看它是狀語從句，而實(shí)際上是定語從句。請(qǐng)看下面兩道試題：

1. I went upstairs _____ I heard someone crying.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

【分析】答案是B而不是A，when的意思是當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞，不宜用作先行詞)

2. He is ______ a clever boy ______ we all like.

A. such, that B. such, as

C. so, that D. so, as

【分析】答案選B，而不是A。such … that …(如此……以致……)用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分，而such…as…中的as為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句并在定語從句充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as，是因?yàn)樗米鲃?dòng)詞like的賓語。

六、弄錯(cuò)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)

原則上說，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與所修飾先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，否則就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。如：

誰那樣說都是在說謊。

誤：Anyone who say that is lying.

正：Anyone who says that is lying.

不算生病的，我們一共20人。

誤：There are 20 of us, not counting those who is sick.

正：There are 20 of us, not counting those who are sick.